Ethics - Argumentative Essay Example for Free

Ethics commandative Essay1. What is an argument in philosophical system? A set of claims one of which, called the conclusion, is said to be supported by the another(prenominal) claims, called the premises. 1. Premise 2. Premise 3. Conclusion 2. What do the terms valid and sullen mean? Valid Argument If the premises atomic number 18 true, then it follows necessarily that the conclusion is true, or it is logically impossible for the conclusion to be false. Sound Argument A valid argument that contains only true premises. Soundness = Truth + Validity. 3. toon the benefits arguments in favor of harvesting Babys Theresas organs. decorate out the premises and conclusion for Benefits Argument in the Baby Theresa case. The Benefits Argument 1. If we can benefit someone without harming anyone else, we ought to do so. 2. Transplanting the organs would benefit the other children without harming Baby Theresa. 3. Therefore, we ought to transplant her organs. The Argument That We shoul d Not Use People As Means 1. If we use someone only as a means, we do something that is chastely wrong. 2. Taking Theresas organs would be using her only as a meas to benefit other children. 3. There fore, it would be morally wrong to take Theresas organs.4. Sketch the we should not use people as means argument against harvesting Baby Theresas organs. Set out the premises and conclusion for The Wrongfulness of cleanup spot Argument in the Baby Theresa case. The Argument From the Wrongfulness of Killing 1. If we harvested Theresas organs, then we would be bucking one innocent person to save another. 2. We should not kill one innocent person to save another. 3. Therefore, if we should not harvest Theresas organs. Rachels Assessment *The prohibition against killing is strong, but most people do not conceive of it absolute.Baby Theresa is (1) going to die soon anyway, (2) not conscious, and (3) her organs could help save several other children. Rachels states that we might even rega rd Baby Theresa as born dead. 5. Sketch the Slippery Slope Argument against killing Tracy Latimer. If one bad thing happens then others will follow after. 1. If we permit any fashion of mercy killing, we will have stepped onto a tremendous slippery slope down which we will inevitably slide. 2. The mercy killing of Tracy was permissible. 3. Hence, we have stepped onto a dangerous slippery slope (which will lead to the view that all life is cheap).Objection Are the causal claims supported by any evidence? In general, it is easy to make dire predictions concerning the future. Consider an analogy Would gay marriage lead to the disintegration of the family? 6. What does Rachelss minimum conception of morality consist of? morality is, at the very least, the effort to guide ones conduct by reason-while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual affected by ones decision. Reason and impartiality consist stuff 7. What argon five common features of Cultural Relativism? 1.Diffe rent societies have different moral codes. 2. (a) The smashing is determined by society (b) an act is right if it is allowed by the guiding ideals od the society in which it is performed, and wrong if it forbidden by those ideals. 3. There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one societys code as better than an others. 4. The moral code of our society has no special(prenominal) status. 5. We should adopt an attitude to tolerance. 8. What is the Cultural Differences argument for Cultural Relativism? Does Rachels think it is sound? he thinks it is unsound, 9.If Cultural Relativism is true, then some odd consequences for ethical theory follow. What are they? 10. Does Rachels hold that there are some moral rules that all societies have in common? 11. What are the three traditional divine attributes of monotheism? 12. What is the difference among theism, atheism, and agnosticism? 13. What is the problem of evil? 14. What is the Divine Command theory? 15. What is Socrates s question in the Euthyphro? How does it bear on the Divine Command Theory? 16. What are some of the main elements of Natural Law Theory? 17.Raise some objections to Natural Law Theory. 18. What is Ethical Egoism and how does it differ from Psychological Egoism? 19. particularize altruism. Why does the Psychological Egoist hold that altruism is not possible? 20. Some object that Ayn Rands argument for Ethical Egoism presents us with a false dichotomy. Explain. 21. Why doesnt Rachels think Ethical Egoism is a fair reflection of common sense morality? 22. What is the regulation Equal Treatment? How does it relate to Ethical Egoism? *There will be some extra-credit questions pertaining to material discussed in lecture.